Classificació geogràfica

Europa > Lituània

Moviments socio-culturals

Edat contemporània > Feminisme

Edat contemporània

Edat contemporània > Moviments literaris i culturals des de finals del s. XIX > Literatura de postguerra

Grups per àmbit de dedicació

Escriptores > en > lituà

Escriptores > Poetes

Escriptores > Dramaturgues

Escriptores

Artistes plàstiques, visuals i escèniques > Actrius

Escriptores > Periodistes / Cronistes > Crítiques literàries, musicals, etc.

Artistes plàstiques, visuals i escèniques > Directores / Realitzadores (arts escèniques)

Escriptores > Narradores > Novel·listes

Personatge
Portrait

Birute (Birutė) Pukeleviciute (Pūkelevičiūtė)

Kaunas, Lithuania 12-08-1923 ‖ Vilnius, Lithuania 21-09-2007

Període d'activitat: Des de 1952 fins 1990

Classificació geogràfica: Europa > Lituània

Moviments socio-culturals

Edat contemporània > Feminisme

Edat contemporània

Edat contemporània > Moviments literaris i culturals des de finals del s. XIX > Literatura de postguerra

Grups per àmbit de dedicació

Escriptores > en > lituà

Escriptores > Poetes

Escriptores > Dramaturgues

Escriptores

Artistes plàstiques, visuals i escèniques > Actrius

Escriptores > Periodistes / Cronistes > Crítiques literàries, musicals, etc.

Artistes plàstiques, visuals i escèniques > Directores / Realitzadores (arts escèniques)

Escriptores > Narradores > Novel·listes

Context de creació femenina

Birutė Pūkelevičiūtė is mostly known as a prose writer and author of the autobiographical novels Aštuoni lapai (Eight Leaves) (1956) and Devyni lapai (Nine Leaves) (1982), although she debuted in literature with a collection of poems Metūgės (Young Shoots) (1952). Young Shoots featured a model of free, complicated and openly eroticised femininity original in its style and subject matter. Pūkelevičiūtė proposed a unique vision of the female world and introduced into the Lithuanian literature the dimension of life as an eternal scene with changing characters and dramatic acts filled with exotic and fantastic images and open erotic experiences, all very unusual for the Lithuanian poetic tradition. Some of the themes in Pūkelevičiūtė’s poetry (for example, the theme of awakening femininity) echo the poetry of Salomėja Nėris. The modernist tendency of her work is manifest in the inner struggles of the speaker, their contradictory inner world. The protagonist of Pūkelevičiūtė’s poetry expresses the experience and way of thinking of the modern woman and man of the 20th century. 

Another prominent theme in Pūkelevičiūtė’s poetry is her relationship with nature: a peculiar perception of sin and the need to break free from the grip of traditional morality. The “I” of the poem is an active character, not a mere appendage of the male ego. The poet brings out “the body language” proposed by Cixous and Irigaray. Lust expressed freely points to the body because the body is the source of being through which fulfilment is achieved. 

Ressenya

Pūkelevičiūtė said that she was not a “purebred” writer: “literature is my official husband” and theatre is my “lover”. She attended a drama studio and studied at the Conservatory in Kaunas, the capital of independent Lithuania, and made her successful debut as an actress in one of the theatres in this city during the war. She also gathered a Lithuanian theatre troupe in Montreal and staged her verse comedy Aukso žasis (The Golden Goose), based on the Grimm Brothers’ fairy tales in Chicago in 1962. Based on this comedy, she wrote the script and directed the first Lithuanian sound film in the diaspora, Aukso žasis (The Golden Goose) in 1965. She also directed Verdi’s opera La Traviata (1966) at the Lithuanian Opera of Chicago.

Justificacions

  • Pūkelevičiūtė’s works talk about childhood and the idyll of the homeland, the physicality of existence and motherhood, war, death and faith, all of which encompass the life cycle of a woman through universal, metaphysical features.
  • The theme of love from the point of view of a woman in the 1950s and the poetess’ “feminine language” opened the door to a feminist discourse which had not been noticed by contemporary critics and was barely emerging.
  • Pūkelevičiūtė wrote sensual, authentic and intellectual poetry which surpassed what was typical of women’s poetry of the time by its courage of thought and open eroticism and received controversial critique in the diaspora.
  • Pūkelevičiūtė’s work is marked by ties to the theater and her roles as a writer, actress and director of performances.
  • Awarded the Knight’s Cross of the Order of Gediminas (1998).

Biografia

Birutė Pūkelevičiūtė was born in 1923 in Kaunas, Lithuania, and her value system and views were shaped by the culture of that period. She studied German Language and Journalism at Vytautas Magnus University in 1941-1944. In 1944, Pūkelevičiūtė left Lithuania for Germany and emigrated to Canada after the end of the war. In exile, Pūkelevičiūtė made her debut as a poet with the collection of poems Metūgės (Young Shoots) (1952). This is one of the most original books of emigrant poetry which seemed very innovative in the context of contemporary Lithuanian literature. In 1965, Pūkelevičiūtė moved to the USA and established herself as a novelist, though she also continued her theatrical activities. In the diaspora, Pūkelevičiūtė was known as a playwright and director who adapted and directed Kazys Boruta’s play Baltaragio malūnas (Baltaragis Mill), Balys Sruoga’s play Milžino paunksmė (The Giant’s Tale), published two fairy tale CDs for children and created and directed the verse comedy Aukso žąsis (The Golden Goose) based on the Grimm brothers’ fairy tales.

With the advent of the Sąjūdis movement in Lithuania, the writer closely followed the political events and political vicissitudes in the newly restored Lithuania. In 1999 she returned to live in her hometown. Many of her literary works reflect the everyday life of the Lithuanian diaspora, the pleasures and pains of adapting to foreign cities, landscapes and societies. Pūkelevičiūtė wrote plays and fairy tales in verse. Her works have been awarded several prizes abroad and have been translated into English, French, Latvian, and Spanish.

Obres


·         Metūgės (Young Shoots) (poems) – Toronto, 1952

·         Aštuoni lapai (Eight Leaves) (novel) – Chicago, 1956

·         Aukso žąsis (The Golden Goose) (comedy) – Chicago, 1965

·         Rugsėjo šeštadienis (Saturday in September) (novel) – Chicago, 1970

·         Peliukai ir plaštakės (Of Mice and Butterflies (tale in verse) – Chicago, 1973

·         Daržovių gegužinė (A Vegetable Outing) (tale in verse) – Chicago, 1973

·         Kalėdų dovana (A Christmas Gift) (tale in verse) – Chicago, 1973

·         Naujųjų metų istorija (A Story of a New Year’s Eve) (novel) – Chicago, 1974

·         Skraidantis paršiukas (The Flying Piglet) (tale in verse) – Chicago, 1974

·         Klementina ir Valentina (Clementine and Valentine) (tale in verse) – Chicago, 1974

·         Rimas pas Kęstutį (Rimas at Kęstutis’) (tale in verse) – Chicago, 1975

·         Devintas lapas (The Ninth Leaf) (novel) – Chicago, 1982

·         Marco Polo Lietuvoje (Marco Polo in Lithuania) (short stories) – Chicago, 1982

·         Žydra ir geltona (Blue and Yellow) (plays) – Chicago, 1984

·         Atradimo ruduo (Autumn of Discovery) (poetic short stories) – Chicago, 1990

Bibliografia

Antanaitis, A. T. & Mickienė, A. (Eds.). (1994). Egzodo rašytojai. Vilnius: Lietuvos rašytojų sąjungos leidykla, p. 619-626.

Kubilius, V. (2004). Birutė Pūkelevičiūtė – aktorė ir rašytoja. Vilnius: Lietuvos rašytojų sąjungos leidykla, p. 27–54. 

https://rasytojai.lt/rasytojai/pukeleviciute-birute/

[Accessed 12/11/2022]

Enfocament Didàctic

Didactic approach: Lithuanian literature

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