Classificació geogràfica

Europa > Espanya

Moviments socio-culturals

Edat mitjana > Cultura medieval europea > Amor cortés

Grups per àmbit de dedicació

Governants > Emperadrius / Reines / Nobles

Escriptores > Poetes

Personatge

Reina de Mallorques

Desconegut s. XIV ‖ Desconegut s. XIV

Període d'activitat: Des de 1334 fins 1336

Classificació geogràfica: Europa > Espanya

Moviments socio-culturals

Edat mitjana > Cultura medieval europea > Amor cortés

Grups per àmbit de dedicació

Governants > Emperadrius / Reines / Nobles

Escriptores > Poetes

Context de creació femenina

This author belongs to the historical territory of the Crown of Aragon.
Her true identity remains unknown, but historians believe she could be either Constance of Aragon (Aragon, 1318 - Montpellier, 1346) or Violante of Vilaragut (c. 1320 - c. 1372).

Reina de Mallorques follows the example of other trobairitz, such as Comtessa de Dia, Bieiris de Romans, Azalais de Porcairagues and Garsenda of Provence; they were all educated and represented the free voice of a woman. In the words of Isabel de Riquer, "Trobairitz transformed the manly discourse in troubadour cansó into a feminine voice, in which the domna, the lady, went from being courted to becoming suitor, and the mercé, the reward of agreeing to love became a masculine privilege."

There are texts from the 15th and 16th centuries written by women, such as the religious prose of the abbess Isabel de Villena; the epistolary production of other queens and nobles of the Crown of Aragon, such as Maria of Castile, Violant of Bar, Maria de Luna, Sibila de Fortià, Isabel de Suaris, Hipòlita Roís de Liori and Estefania de Requesens; or the poetry of Tecla de Borja.

Ressenya

Poetess who followed the troubadour tradition of the 14th century. Only one of her poems has survived, "E-z yeu am tal qu'es bo e belh”, in the Cançoner Vega-Aguiló. The main voice expresses the sadness caused by the distance that sets her apart from her lover, from the point of view of troubadour poetry.

Reina de Mallorques, following the example set by Comtessa de Dia and other trobairitz, turns the evocation of the absent maritz (husband) into a sentimental manifesto instead of a hermetic poem of love: the free voice of a woman over the obstacles of society.

Source: Moisés, Francesc and Orts, Helena Orts (1986). El temps d’un poble. Guia didàctica, València: Conselleria de Cultura, Educació i Ciència, Gabinet d'Ús i Ensenyament del Valencià.

Justificacions

Poetess belonging to the troubadour literature.
Her verses were highly popular in the 14th century and were included in the Catalan translation of Boccaccio's The Decameron.
She transformed the manly discourse of troubadour cansó into a feminine voice.
Her identity remains unknown. She could be either Constance of Aragon (Aragon, 1318 - Montpellier, 1346) or Violante of Vilaragut (c. 1320 - c. 1372), both wives of James III.

Biografia

Martí de Riquer believes that Reina de Mallorques could either be Constance of Aragon or Violante of Vilaragut, both queens of Majorca at different times and wives of James III. Massó i Torrents dates her poem between the years 1334 and 1336, on the basis of James III travels to Roussillon and Languedoc (France).

Reina de Mallorques is a poetess from mid-14th century; one of her poems is preserved in Cançoner Vega-Aguiló and in the Catalan translation of The Decameron in 1434, anonymously and in fragments. It is unknown who hides behind the pseudonym "Reyna de Mallorques" [...]. It is also uncertain whether the pseudonym refers to the real occupation of the author or if it is only a literary nickname. In any case, it is the only information that researchers have in order to formulate their hypotheses. It would not be surprising that she was from royal descent, given the rooted tradition of the Catalan-Aragonese family with the protection and fostering of poetry. However, despite the mystery, it is certain that she is a woman.

Historians believe that Reina de Mallorques could be either one of two women. On the one hand, Constance of Aragon (Aragon 1318 - Montpellier, 1346). Milà i Fontanals identifies her as queen in his 1878 edition. She was sister of Peter IV of Aragon, James I Count of Urgell, John of Aragon and Castile, and Ferdinand of Aragon and Castile, and great-granddaughter of James I the Conqueror. In 1336, she married James III of Majorca, also great-grandson of James I, in Perpignan. On the other hand, Violante of Vilaragut (c. 1320 - c. 1372), daughter of Berengeur of Vilaragut and second wife -and cousin- of James III. They married in November 1347, after the death of Constance of Aragon. Violante of Vilaragut was queen for three years while her husband was at war, fighting for his kingdom.

Source: https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reina_de_Mallorca

Obres

Català

“E-z yeu am tal qu'es bo e belh”

Only one of her poems has survived, "E-z yeu am tal qu'es bo e belh”, in the Cançoner Vega-Aguiló.

Corpus de Trobadours, 25-03-2022, https://trobadors.iec.cat/veure_document_un.asp?imatge=4778

Bibliografia

Alberni, Anna (2009). «El poemet de la reina de Mallorca: assaig de restauració textual i mètrica», Medioevo Romanzo, XXXIV, 2009-2, pp. 1-27 (in press).

Albertí, Elisenda (2007). Dames, reines, abadesses, 18 personalitats femenines a la Catalunya medieval. Albertí Editor, p. 101.

Bonnín, Catalina (1997). «L'enyor de la reina de Mallorca», Estudis Baleàrics, 57, pp. 139-145.

Cluzel, Irénée (1957-58). «Princes et troubadours de la maison royale de Barcelone. Aragon», Boletín de la Real Academia de Buenas Letras de Barcelona, t. XXVII, pp. 321-373.

Massó i Torrents, Jaume (1936). «Poetesses i dames intel·lectuals», Homenatge a Antoni Rubió i Lluch. Miscel·lània d'estudis literaris, històrics i lingüístics, vol. I, Barcelona: Institut d'Estudis Catalans, pp. 405-417.

Pagès, Amadeu (1934): «Les poésies lyriques de la traduction catalane du Décaméron», Annales du Midi, XLVI, pp. 201-17.

Romeu i Figueras, Josep (1990). «Les poesies populars catalanes de la traducció del ‘Decameron' (Sant Cugat del Vallès, 1429)», Medievalia, IX, pp. 203-18.

Biblioteques municipals de Palma, Dones escriptores, 25-03-2022, https://bibliopalma.palma.cat/portal/PALMA/bibliopalma/RecursosWeb/DOCUMENTOS/1/0_141806_1.pdf

Enfocament Didàctic

- This author and her work can be studied in the blocks of literary education in 1st, 2nd, and 3rd of ESO, through the updated version of her poem and her relationship to troubadour poetry.

- The topics of matrimonial love and absence can also be tackled.

- She can also be worked on in the subject of geography and history, in the conditions of matrimonial love during the Middle Ages.