Geographical classification

America > United States

Socio-cultural movements

Late modern period / Contemporary period > Feminism

Historical milestones > World War I

Historical milestones > Interwar period

Groups by dedication

Travellers / Expeditionaries > Aircraft pilots

Healthcare workers > Nurses

Professionals / Other groups > Social workers

Writers > in > English

Writers > Autobiographers

Character
Primer

Amelia Mary Earhart

Atchison 24-07-1897 ‖ Pacific Ocean 02-07-1937

Period of activity: From 1928 until 1937

Geographical classification: America > United States

Socio-cultural movements

Late modern period / Contemporary period > Feminism

Historical milestones > World War I

Historical milestones > Interwar period

Groups by dedication

Travellers / Expeditionaries > Aircraft pilots

Healthcare workers > Nurses

Professionals / Other groups > Social workers

Writers > in > English

Writers > Autobiographers

Context of feminine creation

A pioneering woman, with an adventurous spirit that led her to play a leading role in some of the most important aviation milestones of her time.

Among the forerunners we can mention

Raymonde Laroche (France, 1888-1919), who is cited as the first woman to fly a heavier-than-air powered aircraft in 1909.

- Thérèse Peltier (France, 1873-1926), who may have flown an aircraft a year before Laroche.

- Harriet Quimby (United States, 1875-1912), who obtained her licence in 1911 and flew over the English Channel a year later. 

- Ruth Law (United States, 1887-1970), the first woman to fly at night. She fought to break down stereotypes of women aviators. Her article Let Women Fly! (1917) is famous.

Among her contemporaries, the following stand out

- Adrienne Bolland (France, 1895-1975), who flew over the Andes in 1921.

- Hélène Dutrieu (France, 1877-1961), who broke records for speed, altitude and duration, but is remembered for flying without a corset.

- Marie Marvingt (France, 1875-1963), Lydia Litvyak (Russia, 1921-1943) and Mari Pepa Colomer (Spain, 1913-2004), female war aviators who served their countries.

- Beryl Markham (UK, 1902-1986), who, in 1932, shortly after Amelia Earhart's flight, flew from Ireland to Canada, setting the record for crossing the Atlantic from east to west.

-Amy Johnson (England, 1903-1941) pioneer of British aviation.

Later

- Jerrie Mock (United States, 1925-2014) made history as the first woman to fly solo around the world (1964). 

- Helen Richey (United States, 1909-1947), the first female commercial pilot in the United States, broke the endurance record in 1933, flying ten days in a row. 

- Shaesta Waiz (Afghanistan, 1987- ) who in 2017 became the youngest woman to fly solo around the world.

In Spain, among others, we can name the following women

- M.ª de la Salud Bernaldo de Quirós Bustillo (1898-1983), the first Spanish woman with a pilot's licence,

- Margot Soriano Ansaldo (1908-1991), the second Spaniard to obtain a pilot's licence,

- Irene Aguilera (c.1900- c.1960), said to be the first Spaniard to learn to fly aeroplanes. 

- Dolors Vives Rodón (1908-2007), a pilot in the Republican Army during the Civil War, as was Mari Pepa Colomer.

Bettina Kadner (Madrid, 1946- ), who until 1985 was the only female aviator to fly a passenger plane.

 

Other American women's rights activists of those years include Mary Lou Baker (1914-1965) and Rosalyn Baxandall (1939-2015).

Review

American aviator. Her feats include the solo crossing of the Atlantic (1932), never before accomplished by a woman, and the first successful flight between the island of Hawaii and the US mainland (1935). She also achieved several records in the 1920s and 1930s, including being the woman who flew the highest and the one who reached the highest speed, among other records. 

<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelia_Earhart > (retrieved on 27/12/2021) 

Justifications

  • Promoter of aviation among women.
  • Served as a nurse during the World War I.
  • Famous for her flying records and for attempting the first round-the-world flight over the equator.

Biography

Amelia Earhart was born on 24 July 1898 in Atchison, Kansas (United States). Daughter of Samuel Stanton Earhart and Amelia Otis. She spent much of her childhood with her maternal grandparents.

Amelia Earhart attended Columbia University (New York) and completed her education at Harvard University's summer school. During World War I she served as a nurse in a Canadian field hospital. She later worked as a social worker in Boston, Massachusetts.

Earhart rose to fame when, on 17-18 June 1928, she became the first woman to fly across the Atlantic as a passenger in a plane commanded by pilots Wilmer Stultz and Louis Gordon, flying the 3,200 kilometres from Newfoundland to Wales. That same year he made several solo flights across the United States. In 1931 she married the famous publisher and explorer George Palmer Putnam, but decided to keep her maiden name.

Between 20 and 21 May 1932, she made a solo crossing of the Atlantic. She was the first woman to complete this perilous journey unaccompanied, a feat that had not occurred since Charles A. Lindbergh's historic flight in 1927. Lindbergh in 1927; she also set a new speed record, reaching Ireland in just thirteen hours and fifty minutes. Earhart was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross by the US Congress, the first awarded to a woman.

In the months that followed, she made several flights from coast to coast in the United States, including one from Los Angeles, California, to Newark, New Jersey. Her celebrity enabled her to promote the commercial use of aviation and to defend, from a feminist stance, the incorporation of women into this new professional field.

In January 1935, she flew solo from Honolulu, Hawaii, to Oakland, California, covering a distance greater than that between the United States and Europe. He was the first pilot to successfully complete this difficult journey over Pacific waters; previous attempts had ended in disaster. Later that year he set a new speed record, flying non-stop between Mexico City and New York in just over fourteen hours.

In 1937, Amelia Earhart announced that she would attempt to circumnavigate the globe using a different route to her usual round-the-world flight. Together with her co-pilot and navigator, American Captain Frederick J. Noonan, she would attempt to circumnavigate the globe along the equator in a twin-engine Lockheed Electra 10-E. They began the journey on 1 June 1937, flying from Miami, Florida, to South America, from there to Africa and then to the East Indies.

After completing 33,000 kilometres in 30 days, more than two-thirds of the journey, their plane disappeared in a storm on 2 July, on the penultimate leg of the trip. The disappearance of Amelia Earhart and her expert co-pilot was the subject of numerous and often fantastic speculations, but to this day the circumstances of the accident and the exact place where it occurred remain unknown.   [...]

(In Spanish)  https://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/e/earhart.htm (retrieved on 23/01/2022) 
 

Works


In Spanish:

- Earhart, Amelia (2004). Último vuelo. Diario de la aventura que la convirtió en leyenda. Ediciones B. 

- Earhart, Amelia (trad. 2016). Por el placer de hacerlo: Notas sobre mis vuelos y las mujeres en la aviación. Macadán Libros. 

In English:

- Earhart, Amelia (1928). 20 Hrs, 40 Min.  NY.:G.P.Putnam 
- Earhart, Amelia (1933). For the Fun of It. Estados Unidos: Harcourt, Brace and Company. 
- Earhart, Amelia (1937). Last Flight. Estados Unidos: Harcourt, Brace and Company. 

Bibliography

Didactic approach

The character can be worked on from a variety of subjects:

- English

- Social Sciences: the places over which she flew can be worked on.

- Physical Education.

- Technology

Documents